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Türkiye The Wonderland

Geography: 

General:

 

Türkiye occupies a unique geographic position in the world, lying partly in Asia and partly in Europe.  A bridge between the two continents Türkiye is the largest country in Europe after Russia. It has an area of 296,185 square miles and is surrounded on three sides by the Black sea, Mediterranean Sea and Aegean sea. It is 950 miles wide from west to east and 400 miles long from north to south. Türkiye lies at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, having a little part (3%) in Europe and vast part (97%) in Asia. With nearly ten-thousand years of history,  strategic position at the crossroads of East and West, wide climatic and geographical variations have made the country one of the best touristic spot in the region.

 

 

 

 

The European and Asian division takes place at the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles. The Bosporus Strait runs through Istanbul making it the only city in the world that spans two continents. Türkiye borders Georgia and Armenia on the northeast, Azerbaijan, and Iran on the east, Iraq, and Syria on the southeast, Bulgaria and Greece on the northwest. The country has been classified in seven regions

Regions:

 

  • Black Sea Region.  Borders the Black Sea coast
  • Marmara Region.  The heart of Türkiye where Istanbul exists.
  • Aegean Region. Also known as the western region due to its location on west side of  
  • the country. It borders the Aegean Sea coast.
  • Mediterranean Region.   Located in the southern part of Türkiye.
  • Central Anatolia Region. In the central part of the country.
  • Eastern Anatolia Region. Eastern part of Türkiye
  • Southeastern Anatolia Region:  Located in the southeastern part of the country.

Climate:

 

Türkiye's regions have different climates, Aegean and Mediterranean regions have cold, rainy winters and hot, moderate dry summers. The Anatolian region has severe winters and hot summers. Powerful earthquakes, occur on the North Anatolian and East Anatolian part.

Natural Resources:

 

Türkiye has vast amount of natural resources like coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, limestone, magnesite, etc.

Population:

 

Turkish population is around 87 million. 20% of which lives in Northwest area and around the Bosporus.  Istanbul is the biggest city followed by Ankara and Izmir. Other urban centers are smaller and are scattered throughout the country.

History:

 

Türkiye is partly in the continent of Europe and partly in the continent of Asia, Greeks, Persians, and Romans kept on ruling in however, Turkish nomads from Central Asia moved into the region in the 11th century, gradually conquering all of Anatolia. First Seljuk and after them Ottoman Turkish Empires were formed, they influenced the eastern Mediterranean area, and expanded Islam to southeast Europe. After the Ottoman Empire, Türkiye became a vibrant, modern republic state.

Timeline:

BCE

 

  • The Hittite Empire is established in Anatolia present day Türkiye - 1600.
  • The Hittites and Egyptian armies fight at the Battle of Kadesh - 1274.
  • Trojan War was fought in northwest Türkiye - 1250.
  • End of Hittite Empire with emergence of several smaller states - 1180.
  • Settlement of Greeks along the Mediterranean coast of Anatolia - 1100.
  • Greek Army establishes the city of Byzantium - 657.
  • The Persians take over much of Anatolia - 546.
  • Alexander the Great conquers Anatolia - 334.
  • Anatolia becomes part of the Roman Empire - 130.

CE

 

  •  Christian churches are established throughout the country - 47.
  •  City of Byzantium is named Constantinople and designated capital of eastern Roman Empire - 330.
  •  The Hagia Sophia Cathedral is constructed - 537.
  •  The Seljuk Turks defeat the Roman Empire capturing much of Anatolia -  1071.
  •  Osman I establishes Ottoman Empire - 1299. 
  • Sultan Mehmed II captures Constantinople, which was capital of Byzantine Empire - 1453.
  • Suleiman the magnificent expands the Ottoman Empire to Middle East, Greece, and Hungary - 1520.
  • A great fire burns many parts of Constantinople - 1569.
  • World War I begins. The Ottoman Empire sides with alliance of Germany, Austria and Hungary - 1914.
  • World War ends. Germany and Ottoman Empire is defeated - 1919.
  •  Mustafa Kemal Ataturk starts the Turkish War of Independence against foreign occupant forces - 1919.
  • October 29, Türkiye successfully expels all foreign forces and becomes a republic - 1923.              
  • Türkiye adopts new constitution passed by the parliament - 1924.
  • City of Constantinople is given new name “Istanbul”. - 1930.
  • Mustafa Kemal Ataturk dies on 10th November and is laid to rest in Ankara - 1938.
  • World War II begins. Türkiye  remains neutral - 1939.
  • Türkiye joins United Nations - 1945.
  • Türkiye joins NATO - 1952.
  • Türkiye became associate member of European Union - 1963.
  • Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is established in Cyprus by Türkiye  - 1974.
  •  Earthquake in Izmit, Türkiye kills around 17,000 people - 1999.  
  • Türkiye starts effort to join the European Union - 2005.